Common badminton injuries

Discussion in 'Injuries' started by pcll99, Aug 22, 2014.

  1. pcll99

    pcll99 Regular Member

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  2. alien9113

    alien9113 Regular Member

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    Any particular section that you want it to be translated first? The article is long and I suspect that parts may have been translated from elsewhere as it doesn't really flow well.

    The first half of the article is mainly statistics (types of injuries, causes and breakdowns by gender, professional players and recreational players).

    The second half is the technical part and the main interest, I guess. It lists the various common injuries, the treatment and how to prevent it.
     
  3. visor

    visor Regular Member

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    Using Google translate :


    Every day badminton
    By far the most complete presentation of badminton sports injuries and preventive measures
    2014-08-11badminton every day to read 7601

    Tracy:

    Long-term playing badminton people understand, very few people did a little hurt, then how these injuries are formed, how to avoid these injuries when playing. Below is a very comprehensive presentation of badminton injuries and preventive measures. I hope to play friends can look at and try to forward it to friends, sometimes injuries came to the door late.

    Badminton is in the interior of a motion to the main program, but as a point of interest, it can also be carried out in the outdoors. Perhaps it is the young and old of badminton ages, and in a variety of standards can be entertaining and social features of the game, leaving it one of the world's most popular sports items. In the 1992 Barcelona Olympics, badminton was first included in the Olympic Games.


    According to experience, is generally considered a low-risk badminton sport, epidemiological investigation of different countries also confirmed this.

    The incidence of injury


    Overuse injury resulting in injury is typical of badminton in the highest frequency. Danish badminton game, 74 percent of injuries are caused by overuse, 12% are strained, 11 percent are sprains, and 1.5% for the contusion.


    In Denmark, entertaining and occupational badminton match, the average incidence of 0.85 injuries per 1000 hours per year, or 2.9 times.

    ***


    Badminton male injuries than women, higher injury risk men in the game. One reason may be more intense man of badminton, faster.

    Sports standards


    Elite athletes injured more than one club in amateur enthusiasts. However, when taking into account the exercise time, amateur enthusiasts injury risk is higher than the elite athletes. Thus, the number of outstanding badminton athletes injured more because of their longer participate in sports, and amateur enthusiasts higher risk of injury due to other reasons, such as training, physical, technical, training and competition rules as well as related equipment.

    Training and competition


    In contrast to other sports, Elite Badminton Athletes in training injury risk than the risk of the game. May be due to the athletes will participate in training relationships with other higher risk of movement. There was no difference amateur enthusiasts injury rate during training and competition.


    Male and female athletes in training injury risk is higher than the competition. Badminton athletes may only participate in badminton training should not participate in other high-risk sports, but this single training may also affect the incidence of injury in the game.

    Recovery time and the cost of damage


    Badminton sports injuries average recovery time is relatively long (48 hours), but not shorter training time (2.4 days). It also reflects the badminton sport in the high incidence of overtraining. Despite the severe damage badminton rarely occur, but with built fracture means to pay a high price.

    Type of injury epidemiology and injury


    The highest incidence of lower extremity injuries. According to expert studies, lower extremity injuries accounted for 58% of injury, accounting for 31% of upper limb, back accounted for 11%. Foot and ankle injuries the most common. Eye damage occurs in the low rate of the Danish study, but in the Netherlands, eye injury is the third most common injury in the past been known to be a major problem of badminton.


    Heel pain seems to be the highest incidence of injury, followed by tennis elbow, knee pain (mostly knee patella pain syndrome and high jump), the plantar fascia and thigh muscle strain.


    Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury in badminton, but in the game of professional athletes, researchers reported on such injuries are very rare. This may be because of Achilles tendon rupture usually those older amateur enthusiasts. These people have stopped their game career, but only as a recreational activity badminton, playing on a weekly 1 to 2 hours. The damage pattern on this population has not been further studied.


    According to experts, the damage of badminton is the most common injury due to incorrect position of the foot caused by (40%) or because of competition caused by excessive movement strain (38%), followed by the center of gravity unstable or too fast and fall due to injury (14%), as well as due to the impact resulting in contusions (8%).


    Since the strain led to many factors badminton player, so research on its mechanism and more in depth. In a study on the outstanding badminton players, the experts made the following main mechanisms.


    1 badminton Achilles tendon injury may be the movement of the foot of the special requirements of the action combined result of factors such as the accelerating force when moving forward and Emergency foot heel and calf triceps eccentric contraction; alternately ran backwards toe and calf triceps contraction force, centrifugal leg backward or jump to the backside when triceps contraction. These moves make the Achilles tendon by rapid changes in alternating high-tension stretch, resulting in damage to the fine, if this repeated trauma, it will develop into a sports injury. Badminton shoes that currently can not reduce this trauma, as the heel is flat, the shock absorption is poor, and can not give sufficiently good support.


    2 pain syndrome patellar mechanism similar to the first point. In the knee flexion and rotation, the centrifugal quadriceps rapidly changing / may generate strong pressure on the patella movement to heart.


    3 tennis elbow and other shoulder and upper limb strain may be due to movement caused by improper training arrangements. Research findings on the badminton ball movement, not like the thought of the past so that the greatest strength of the upper shoulder flexion / extension movement, but the rotation of the shoulder, that pronation / supination movement of the shoulder. Another possibility is that, compared with tennis, badminton athletes a greater amount of exercise, which may be the main reason for the formation of tennis elbow. No previous training take this into account, thus ignoring the strength and flexibility exercises these structures.


    Other relevant strain formed to study the external factors also have seen, but the reason may be associated with the sport of badminton is:


    1 interaction between the shoe and the ground (friction, shock absorption poor).
    2 badminton shoes (not protect and raise the heel to absorb shock difference).
    3 buckling, insufficient triceps and shoulder muscles badminton turn when hitting power.
    But there is no specific findings on the role of these factors in the badminton injury.

    Treatment injury

    Heel pain


    Next to the bursa or tendon tissue and tendon inflammation is a common cause of heel pain, location may return fever, redness, tenderness. Pain is usually located on the calcaneal tendon attachment or accessory attachment points about 5cm position. When inflamed bursa calcaneus rear, mainly concentrated in the front of the Achilles tendon symptoms end, and sometimes can feel crepitus, in the chronic phase can touch the thickening of the tendon and tendon surrounding tissue. Foot plantar flexion in active resistance will occur when the functional pain in the foot dorsiflexion passive resistance often occurs when pain.

    Treatment


    Analysis of lesion formation mechanism, the choice of the correct treatment is very important. Whether or not there is improper training, muscle tension or inappropriate footwear and other reasons, deal with these issues is an important part of treatment. Symptomatic treatment is mainly rest and brake, combined with cold, taking anti-inflammatory drugs and make the calf muscle and tendon three stretching exercises, sometimes a variety of treatments, such as deep massage, ultrasound therapy, also have some help.


    If symptomatic treatment, and elimination of the cause of damage is still not fully recovered, it may require surgery. By ultrasound or MRI for preoperative surgical area is necessary to open surgery paratenon, separation of adhesions, if there is a problem bursa should be removed, cut the upper corner of the calcaneus. If you suspect tendon deformation should be cut lengthwise, remove the variability section. Completely immobile after surgery is unnecessary, but care must be careful to ensure that the skin can fully recover after surgery stretching exercises.

    Rehabilitation


    With the improvement in symptoms after initial recovery can begin training, including carefully knee flexion and extension position of the calf muscle stretching exercises three to strengthen the entire lower extremity muscle strength in functional closed chain exercises, proprioceptive stimulation exercise (such as standing on one leg with eyes closed or swing the balance board training).


    With the improvement of symptoms, usually after three to four weeks to start jogging, if the Achilles tendon is cut, it should be 6 to 8 weeks after jogging in intensive care. Usually after 8 to 10 weeks may be badminton.

    Prevention


    Functionally closed chain exercises to strengthen the lower limb muscle strength, stretching exercises so get the right ankle flexibility is important for the prevention of heel pain.


    Through contact with the Elite Badminton Athletes confirmed that even very small foot injury may also cause dysfunction of the Achilles tendon, causing strain occurs. Early check or for a pair of good shoes absorb shock beneficial for the prevention of fatigue.

    Back pain


    Badminton requires a very stable torso movement as the basis for the limbs. As this movement contains a large number of high-speed change and turned to sports, abdominal back muscles must be well trained. The study found the waist side muscle pain is often a part of strain after the occurrence of stretch back muscles are prone to pain. Iliopsoas is also a common cause of back pain badminton. Since iliopsoas major lumbar spine, femur beyond the small rotor. If this muscle tension, it will indirectly increase lumbar lordosis, so that the burden on the waist. Thomas's test can be carried out by inspection, there will be pain when the muscle tension, which ascended the throne positive, pain points at the waist.


    Treatment programs should include stretching exercises and repeat the same direction multi-angle pulling exercises (including centrifugal and centripetal motion movement).

    Prevention


    Preventive measures include basic waist muscle strength exercises and stretching exercises (flexors, extensors and obliques). These exercises are also suitable for training before the stage. Should always keep in mind the importance of iliopsoas stretch.

    Foot strain

    Badminton project requires frequent moves quickly, stop and turn off all kinds of angles, and thus high demands on foot. Badminton relatively hard, as mentioned, shoes are often unable to provide adequate support and protection. In recent years, some manufacturers have begun to use some shoes damping effect of good material to manufacture sports shoes, but in the insoles, heel cushions and longitudinal stability and other aspects still need to be improved. Badminton has a major foot injury plantar fasciitis, heel pain, bone pain and calluses seed.

    Achilles meningitis


    Pain is a strain with fascia problem, but may also be due to sudden heavy burden of the foot caused, or likely to occur in high arch strephenopodia time. The main symptoms are nodules from the plantar calcaneal, radiating pain along the plantar fascia. When the plantar fascia passive stretch or walk, run, especially when off the ground, there will be pain in the big toe dorsiflexion. When the fascia pain, sometimes calcaneal tendon attachment can also feel crepitus or touch local thickening.


    Treatment methods are cold, taking anti-inflammatory drugs, bandaged, to relieve pain and eliminate injury factor. Should adopt good damping properties of high arch support insoles or insoles with the correct foot inversion, in order to ensure the shoe problem, fit. Stretch the plantar fascia is a treatment and preventive measures. In chronic injury, it can be considered in the fascia around the closed treatment, generally do not need surgery.

    Heel pain


    Heel fat pad is soft strain badminton multiple sites. Since the heel fat pad itself damping capacity can not meet the needs of the movement, resulting in strain which occurs. Heel pain is one of the injury itself is common.


    The main treatment is to use a good insole cushioning and a rigid heel cup to protect the heel fat pad, and enhance the ability to foot heel cushioning when. To prevent this damage, the shoes should be designed in line with the heel of the anatomical structure and can absorb shocks. Players start from a young age to prevent this injury is very important.


    Seed pain and superfluous


    Sesamoid under the first metatarsophalangeal joint pain can also occur, the most common in those high arches. Pain occurs most often caused by the corpus callosum in the metatarsophalangeal joints, especially under the first through fifth metatarsophalangeal joint and under the calcaneus.


    Both injuries can be treated by teaching positive foot function and foot evenly distributed load, that is, to select a special soft insoles and proper shoes, although appears to be a small problem, but good daily foot care For the prevention and treatment of the corpus callosum is very important.
    After the seeds develop into acute pain or chronic fatigue fractures. Treatments include no load, use lower joint of the big toe dorsiflexion orthopedic or surgical removal of the sesamoid.


    Knee High Jump High Jump refers patellar ligament knee pain patella proximal and distal attachment also include patellar tendon pain at the upper end of the quadriceps. Ferretti et al's study also involves pathological changes tibial tuberosity bone patellar ligament ligament connections.


    Now that the jump is due to knee injuries or near long-term load fine over repeated ligament attachment points accumulated damage caused by the result. This has been confirmed by people from histologically.


    Badminton is a need to move repeatedly asking for strong quadriceps to the heart, eccentric movement. When players move the ball quickly to the net, then quickly returned to the venue back bottom line, which is more obvious. Then quadriceps deceleration forward movement, the rapid contraction concession initiative sudden backward movement into the heart contraction. High jump athlete suffering from knee often complained in his change of direction of the moment, suddenly felt knee pain, can not normally be swift and strong movement.


    After the jump angle venue "smash" can also cause pain or moved.
    Clinical examination often can be seen extensor pain, patellar tip localized pain. Sometimes the pain at a slight swelling, chronic tendon injury may be able to touch the hard nodules and lumps of pain, but did not see the emergence of joint effusion.

    Treatment


    Due to the lack of precise scientific basis, the best treatment is controversial. More authoritative treatment is to stop or reduce the action will cause pain, but also can be cold and other symptomatic treatment. If necessary, you can check whether the extensor mechanism in a straight line. If not, you should be taught with a bandage positive, and muscle strength exercises, the main treatment is to use Stanish put forward progressive centrifugal force reconstruction practice law.


    If the treatment is not available in at least six months after the exercise, the need for surgery. B-mode ultrasound, CT or MRI and other methods to determine the indications for surgery and the location within the tendon tissue degeneration is important. When the surgery, the tendon vertical incision, excision completely abnormal tissue and suture tendon. After the surgery does not require full braking, you can have a plan in case of proper training supervised. Three weeks after the water can run 6 to 8 weeks after jogging can be on softer ground, badminton training can be carried out after 8 to 12 weeks.

    Prevention


    Lower limb coordination exercises, with particular emphasis on the quadriceps rectus femoris exercises will help prevent jumping knee and patella pain occur. Different levels of the closed chain quadriceps exercises, and focus on strengthening the concession work force and muscle stretching exercises extensor mechanism, is also an important part of the training.


    Humeral epicondylitis


    Humeral epicondylitis forearm extensor muscles refers to the attachment point on the ankle pain in humerus, also known as the attachment of muscles and tendons connect local damage caused by repeated to form a fine.


    The clinical diagnosis of ankle extensor muscles appear outside the attachment pain, elbow wrist pain, sometimes elbow flexor wrist while there will be pain, but also often appear limb wrist flexion ability. Because the outer periphery of the joints also often other damage, and thus for proper diagnosis was extremely important.

    Treatment

    Accurate analysis of the treatment from the start of the formation mechanism of injury in order to correct errors or improve the weak technical action muscles. Cold, rest, stretching exercises, deep massage and transcutaneous nerve stimulation treatments are more effective. When the pain under control as soon as possible to begin including wrist flexion and extension, progressive forces, including the practice of rotation. Use the elbow during practice (4 ~ 6cm wide) or forearm circumference at the peripheral joints below the maximum wear wrist would also help.


    After a few weeks of practice if the effect is not obvious, can be partially closed. For some chronic injury, if no suitable treatment method can also be surgery.


    Badminton, the former rotators muscles, shoulder and upper arm forearm are very important, so the strength and flexibility exercises and correct technical action for injury prevention is important.


    Shoulder pain


    Important cause of shoulder pain badminton real glenoid fossa due to the instability of the humerus and scapula caused by indirect impact. The main symptoms of the real pain in the front of the shoulder, with characteristic pain points occur in a relatively weak muscles or place heavy loads. Elbow, upper arm abduction 90 degrees plus the maximum internal rotation, if the pain occurs subacromial impact test was positive. Sometimes a little minor instability could spread to the glenoid joint.


    Treatment is carried shoulder muscle strength training and coordination exercises, including the rotator cuff muscles and fixed scapula muscles.


    Subacromial bursa is sometimes effective at closing, but training must be carried out under strict supervision.
    Pay special attention to the rear strap muscles, they need to prevent this kind of like badminton "forward" movement of the ad hoc athletes shoulder muscle strain is important. Denmark to participate in the competition for 21 world-class badminton players study found that these athletes strap front and back muscle strength muscle imbalance, muscle significantly stronger than the front rear.


    Injury Prevention


    There is no formal published research to see badminton injury prevention information on specific measures, according to the study of football, the injury pattern known badminton and other possible mechanisms of injury were asked the following measures:


    1 improvement badminton shoes, thick heel, improve the ability to absorb shocks, making it more consistent with anatomical structures.
    2 to adjust the friction between the sole and the ground.
    3 special special training, including triceps, when spiking shoulder, elbow, wrist spin inside, stretching exercises and external rotation strength batting practice.

    In conclusion


    Although badminton is one of the world's most popular sport, but few studies on the medical aspects of badminton. According to the current study can be seen in a small number compared with other sports, badminton risk of injury is low, mostly for chronic injury. Although a relatively long time of injury, but a short time to affect the work.


    From the anatomical structure point of view, most of the damage concentrated in the foot and ankle, Achilles tendon is the highest frequency of occurrence of damage and tennis elbow; Achilles tendon rupture may occur, especially in older amateur enthusiasts. When considering the exercise time, the male injury risk than women. Risk of injury is higher than the amateur enthusiast elite athletes. In contrast to most other sports, training injury risk is relatively higher than the competition. Based on the above reasons on badminton injury mechanisms and patterns presented above some specific preventive measures.





    Original Chinese text:
    到目前为止最完整的羽毛球运动损伤介绍及预防措施
    Contribute a better translation
     
  4. Fidget

    Fidget Regular Member

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    That was actually a nice article. :)

    Good points on common injuries, why they happen and brief outline of prevention and treatment. Sounds like there has been some good research done, but lots of room for more.


    @visor Your Google translation has educated me on a few new anatomic connections::p

    "... the centrifugal quadriceps may generate strong pressure on the patella movement to the heart"
    "... the femur beyond the small rotor"

    "..corpus callosum in the MTP joints"
    "Achilles meningitis"​
     
  5. frederic

    frederic Regular Member

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    Heel pain, back pain , knee pain are the most common injuries in badminton playing. Players should be careful during their playing so that injuries are less.
     
  6. pcll99

    pcll99 Regular Member

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